UPSC Exam
Difference Between NITI Aayog and Planning Commission
Introduction The establishment of NITI Aayog in 2015 marked a shift in India’s development planning from a centralised planning model towards a more flexible,…
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Articles from August 2026
Notes, editorials and exam explainers written by the Riyasat IAS mentor team — syllabus-mapped reading for UPSC Civil Services aspirants.
436 articles · page 28
UPSC Exam
Five years plan in India
Introduction India adopted economic planning after Independence to accelerate development, mobilise scarce resources and address challenges such as poverty, food insecurity, unemployment and inadequate…
UPSC Exam
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
Introduction Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is an economic concept used to compare the purchasing power of different currencies. It considers differences in prices and…
UPSC Exam
Role of Civil Services in Democracy
About Civil Services Civil services constitute the permanent executive of the State, responsible for assisting the elected government in policy formulation, implementation, regulation, public…
UPSC Exam
Civil Society in Democracy
What is Civil Society? · Civil society refers to the space between the State, market and family where citizens voluntarily organise…
UPSC Exam
Citizen’s Charter
Introduction · A Citizen’s Charter is a public declaration by a government department or public service organisation specifying the services it…
UPSC Exam
E-Governance and Judiciary
Introduction E-governance in the judiciary refers to the use of digital technology, information systems and online platforms to improve access to justice, judicial efficiency,…
UPSC Exam
E-Governance
Introduction · E-Governance refers to the use of information and communication technology (ICT), digital platforms and data-driven systems by government to…
UPSC Exam
Role of Media in Democracy
Introduction Media is often regarded as the “fourth pillar of democracy” because it facilitates the flow of information between the State and citizens and…
UPSC Exam
Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR)
Introduction The Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR) is a macroeconomic measure used to understand how efficiently an economy converts new investment into additional output.…
Ravi Raaz
Hassan Khan
Shadab Ali