UPSC Prelims Current Affairs

Green Bonds

IAS MENTORSHIP 4 min read

  • Green bonds are debt instruments through which funds are raised specifically for projects having environmental or climate-related benefits.
  • They are a form of fixed-income instrument.
  • The issuer raises funds from investors and is generally required to use the proceeds for eligible green projects.
  • Green bonds can be issued by governments, financial institutions, companies and other eligible entities, depending on the applicable regulatory framework.
  • Typical areas include:
    • Renewable energy
    • Clean transportation
    • Energy efficiency
    • Sustainable water management
    • Waste management
    • Climate adaptation
  • Key distinction: A green bond is differentiated from a conventional bond mainly by the use of proceeds, which are earmarked for eligible green projects.
  • Greenwashing: A major concern is falsely presenting projects or investments as environmentally beneficial without adequate environmental impact or transparency.
  • Importance: Green bonds can help mobilise private capital for climate and environmental objectives.

Prelims Practice Question – English

Q. With reference to Green Bonds, consider the following statements:

  1. They are debt instruments used to raise funds for eligible environmental or climate-related projects.
  2. Their proceeds are generally earmarked for specified green projects.
  3. Green bonds can only be issued by the government.
  4. Greenwashing is one of the concerns associated with the green bond market.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

Explanation:

  • Statement 1 — Correct: Green bonds are debt instruments intended to finance projects with environmental or climate benefits.
  • Statement 2 — Correct: Their defining feature is generally the earmarking of proceeds for eligible green projects.
  • Statement 3 — Incorrect: Green bonds are not restricted to governments; other eligible issuers can also issue them.
  • Statement 4 — Correct: Greenwashing can undermine the credibility of green bonds when environmental claims are misleading or insufficiently substantiated.

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा प्रश्न – हिंदी

प्रश्न. ग्रीन बॉण्ड के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:

  1. ये ऐसे ऋण साधन हैं जिनके माध्यम से पर्यावरणीय या जलवायु संबंधी लाभ वाले पात्र परियोजनाओं के लिए धन जुटाया जाता है।
  2. इनके माध्यम से प्राप्त धनराशि सामान्यतः निर्दिष्ट हरित परियोजनाओं के लिए निर्धारित की जाती है।
  3. ग्रीन बॉण्ड केवल सरकार द्वारा ही जारी किए जा सकते हैं।
  4. ग्रीनवॉशिंग ग्रीन बॉण्ड बाजार से जुड़ी एक प्रमुख चिंता है।

उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?

(a) केवल 1 और 2
(b) केवल 1, 2 और 4
(c) केवल 2 और 3
(d) 1, 2, 3 और 4

उत्तर: (b) केवल 1, 2 और 4

व्याख्या:

  • कथन 1 — सही: ग्रीन बॉण्ड पर्यावरणीय या जलवायु संबंधी लाभ वाली परियोजनाओं के लिए धन जुटाने वाले ऋण साधन हैं।
  • कथन 2 — सही: इनसे प्राप्त धनराशि सामान्यतः पात्र हरित परियोजनाओं के लिए निर्धारित होती है।
  • कथन 3 — गलत: ग्रीन बॉण्ड केवल सरकार तक सीमित नहीं हैं; पात्र अन्य संस्थाएँ भी इन्हें जारी कर सकती हैं।
  • कथन 4 — सही: ग्रीनवॉशिंग में किसी परियोजना या निवेश को वास्तविकता से अधिक पर्यावरण-अनुकूल दिखाने का जोखिम होता है।

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