UPSC GS 2 Model Answer 2026: BRICS and Global South

10. “BRICS acts as a powerful counterweight in global governance, actively amplifying the voice and influence of the Global South.” Explain the role of BRICS in projecting itself as an alternative to other groupings. (Answer in 150 words)

Introduction

BRICS has evolved from an economic grouping into a wider platform representing major emerging economies and advocating a more representative and multipolar global order. Its growing membership has further strengthened its role as a collective voice of the Global South.

How BRICS Projects Itself as an Alternative

• Alternative development finance: The New Development Bank (NDB) provides financing for infrastructure and sustainable development, offering developing countries an additional source beyond traditional Western-led financial institutions.
• Reforming global governance: BRICS advocates greater representation of developing countries in institutions such as the UN Security Council, IMF and World Bank, challenging existing power imbalances.
• Greater financial autonomy: It promotes local-currency trade and alternative payment mechanisms, seeking to reduce excessive dependence on the dollar-dominated financial system.
• Voice of the Global South: Its expanded membership across Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America gives developing countries a broader platform to raise issues of development, climate finance, food and energy security.
• South-South cooperation: BRICS encourages cooperation in areas such as technology, health, agriculture and education, strengthening developing-country partnerships.

Limitations

• Internal differences: Members differ in their economic interests, geopolitical priorities and approach towards the West.
• Chinese dominance: China’s much larger economic weight can create concerns about asymmetry within the grouping.

Conclusion

BRICS is best viewed not as an anti-Western bloc, but as a non-Western platform seeking greater voice, autonomy and representation for the Global South. Its effectiveness will depend on converting collective aspirations into coordinated institutions and practical outcomes.