UPSC Exam
Reorganisation of States in India
Introduction State Reorganisation refers to the restructuring of the territorial boundaries of States and Union Territories to ensure better administrative efficiency, national integration, regional…
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UPSC Exam
Integrated Judicial System in India
Overview India follows an Integrated Judicial System, meaning that there is one unified hierarchy of courts for the entire country. Unlike federal countries such…
UPSC Exam
Fundamental Duties (FDs)
Fundamental Duties are the moral and civic obligations of every citizen towards the nation, society, and the Constitution. They remind citizens that while the…
UPSC Exam
Council of Ministers
The Council of Ministers (CoM) is the real executive authority in the Indian parliamentary system. While the President is the constitutional head, the Council…
UPSC Exam
President's Rule in India
About President's Rule: President's Rule, also known as State Emergency or Constitutional Emergency, is imposed under Article 356 when the President is satisfied that…
UPSC Exam
What are the Issues and Challenges Pertaining to the Federal Structure?
India's federal structure is witnessing increasing stress owing to delimitation concerns, fiscal asymmetry, excessive centralisation, and weakening institutional dialogue between the Centre and States,…
UPSC Exam
Fifth Schedule and the Sixth Schedule
Introduction The Fifth and Sixth Schedules of the Indian Constitution provide special administrative arrangements for tribal areas under Article 244. While both aim to…
UPSC Exam
Reserving a Bill for the Consideration of the President
State of Tamil Nadu v. Governor of Tamil Nadu (2025): The Supreme Court, in a landmark judgment, clarified the constitutional role of the President…
UPSC Exam
Special Provisions for States
Introduction India is a Union of States with immense geographical, cultural, ethnic and linguistic diversity. To accommodate these regional diversities while preserving national unity,…
UPSC Exam
Delegated Legislation
What is Delegated Legislation? Delegated legislation (also called subordinate or secondary legislation) refers to the law-making power conferred by the Legislature upon the Executive…
Ravi Raaz
Hassan Khan
Shadab Ali